Evidence Base

Cogan, N., Tse, D., Finlayson, M., Lawley, S., Black, J., Hewitson, R., Stergiou, C., Aziz, S., Hamer, H., & Short, C. (2025). A journey towards a trauma informed and responsive Justice system: The perspectives and experiences of senior Justice workers. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 16(1), 2441075.

Cogan, N., O’Hara, R., Turan, H., MacKay, E., Terzis, S., Kirk, A., Hodgson, W., Whittaker, S., Orr, D., MacIntyre, D., Graham, P., De Kock, H., Irvine Fitzpatrick, L., Rasmussen, S., & Rodriguez, C. G. (2025). Co-creation and expert evaluation of a trauma conversation simulator. Poster presented at Innovations in Psychology and Mental Health, Glasgow.

Cogan, N., O’Hara, R., Turan, H., MacKay, E., Terzis, S., Kirk, A., Hodgson, W., Whittaker, S., Orr, D., MacIntyre, D., Graham, P., De Kock, H., Irvine Fitzpatrick, L., Rasmussen, S., & Rodriguez, C. G. (2025). Co-creation and expert evaluation of a trauma conversation simulator: developing an AI-based training tool to support trauma-informed peer dialogue. Poster session presented at Innovations in Psychology and Mental Health, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

This study reports the development and expert evaluation of an AI-driven Trauma Conversation Simulator designed to help frontline workers practise trauma-informed dialogue. The evaluation identified strengths in realism and emotional sensitivity, as well as areas for refinement to strengthen clinical usefulness.

Cogan, N., MacIntyre, G., Stewart, A., Harrison-Millan, H., Black, K., Quinn, N., Rowe, M., & O’Connell, M. (2022). Developing and establishing the psychometric properties of the Strathclyde Citizenship Measure: A new measure for health and social care practice and research. Health & Social Care in the Community, 30(2), e631–e647.

Griffith, B., Archbold, H., Lindsay, K., et al. (2023). Frontline experiences of delivering remote mental health supports during the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland: Innovations, insights and lessons learned from mental health workers. Journal of Health Psychology.

Peddie, N., Hoegh, J., Rice, G., Shetty, S., Ure, A., & Cogan, N. (2025). Health and social care professionals’ experience of psychological safety within their occupational setting: A thematic synthesis review. Nursing Reports, 15(4), 131.

Hoegh, J., Rice, G., Shetty, S., Ure, A., Cogan, N., & Peddie, N. (2024). Health and social care professionals’ experience of psychological safety within their occupational setting: A thematic synthesis scoping review protocol. COJ Nursing & Healthcare, 8(5), 915–920.

Johnstone, H., & Cogan, N. (2021). ‘He messaged me the other night and said you are my saviour’: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of intimate partners’ roles in supporting Veterans with mental health difficulties. Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health, 7(2), 61–70.

[Authors incl. N. Cogan, et al.] (2025). Persistent Traumatic Stress Exposure: Rethinking PTSD for frontline workers. PsyArXiv (preprint).

Cogan, N. (2024). Psychotraumatology and artificial intelligence: A public health approach. Public Health Open Access, 8(1), 1–8.

This poster presents the development of Sentinel as a co-created digital intervention designed to help first responders manage trauma exposure, strengthen psychological resilience and access support through personalised digital pathways.

Cogan, N., Kirk, A., & Rodriguez, C. (2024). The development and protocol for testing a co-created digital intervention (Sentinel) to improve mental wellbeing and help manage and prevent trauma in first responders. PsyArXiv (preprint).

Cogan, N., McGibbon, M., Gardiner, A., & Morton, L. (2022). Understanding the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on railway workers: Risks and protective factors. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.

Morgan, P., & Cogan, N. (2024). Using artificial intelligence to address mental health inequalities: Co-creating machine learning algorithms with key stakeholders and citizen engagement. Journal of Public Mental Health.

Cogan, N., Campbell, J., Morton, L., Young, D., & Porges, S. (2024). Validation of the Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale (NPSS) among health and social care workers in the UK. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(12), 1551.

Cogan, N., McNulty, M., McLaughlin, P., et al. (2022). What have we learned about what works in sustaining mental health care and support services during a pandemic? Transferable insights from the COVID-19 response within the NHS Scottish context. International Journal of Mental Health.

Cogan, N., Craig, A., Milligan, L., et al. (2024). “I’ve got no PPE to protect my mind”: understanding the needs and experiences of first responders exposed to trauma in the workplace. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 15(1), Article 2395113.

Cogаn, N., Wilson, C., Jones, N., O’Connor, R. C., et al. (2025). Exploring the needs, experiences and access to support for health and social care workers during COVID-19: The ENACT Study. Health & Social Care in the Community.

Cogan N, Whittaker S, Craig A, Milligan L, McCluskey R, Burns T, Kirk A, Rasmussen S, Hodgson W. Designing Digital Mental Health Support for Paramedics Exposed to Trauma: Qualitative Study of Lived Experiences and Design Preferences. JMIR Hum Factors. 2025;12:e76158.